The active strategy involves setting up a situation where the person of interest can be observed or approached for interaction. After all, people rarely strike up conversations with others while riding an elevator or the subway. URT is a seminal theory in the field of interpersonal communication for two reasons: It is one of the first frameworks to originate within the discipline, and it has spawned extensive ongoing scholarship on uncertainty within dyadic domains. information seeker. This gives you a feeling of uncertaint… Entry — Individuals exchange demographic information such as their age, gender, occupation and place of origin. For this post, I have chosen to explore the concept commonly referred to as the “Uncertainty Reduction Theory”. Uncertainty Reduction Theory By: Heather Tipton & Nikki Rice Uncertainty Reduction Theory Defined: This theory functions to help establish communication between strangers. I can use the info to kick off engaging convos. 4. 2. You know your friend spends a lot of time with her colleague, Deb, both at and outside of work. The higher the uncertainty between individuals, the more reciprocity a person can expect. Our group believes these two theories are applicable to situations that people often face on social media platforms. Social Media & the Uncertainty Reduction Theory Without knowing, we use the uncertainty reduction theory probably every day. Social media is both an outlet for people to cope with stress but also a place that can generate stress. Dissimilar individuals experience higher levels of uncertainty. Uncertainty reduction is particularly important in relationship development, as the information gathered through observation and interaction can be used to predict a person’s behavior. The theory states that people often feel uncertainty about others they don’t know and are motivated to communicate in order to reduce that uncertainty. Uncertainty Reduction Theory has been used in recent years to study intercultural interaction, organizational socialization and interactions on social media. Incentive Value — People desire information about individuals who have the power to influence their lives either positively or negatively, such as employers, teachers and politicians. As verbal output, nonverbal warmth, self-disclosure, similarity, and shared communication networks increase uncertainty decreases, and vice versa. Berger and Calabrese outlined seven concepts related to these assumptions: 1. Initially introduced in 1975 by Charles R. Berger and Richard J. Calabrese, Uncertainty Reduction Theory offered a “theoretical perspective for dealing with the initial entry stage of interpersonal interaction” in which uncertainty is common, and suggested a set of “research priorities” for future scholars to further test the theory. Information Seeking — Occurs when individuals wish to know more about each other. In some cases, interaction will end at this point. The uncertainty reduction theory, also known as initial interaction theory, developed in 1975 by Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese, is a communication theory from the post-positivist tradition. Theorists have identified three situations in which people will seek to reduce uncertainty: 1. The process of information seeking goes through predictable developmental stages, indicating changes in the quantity and type of information shared between individuals. Liking — Feelings of approval and preference between individuals likewise speed up the uncertainty-reduction process. The main assumption is that uncertainty creates cognitive discomfort, which people will try to reduce. The Uncertainty Reduction Theory also known as Initial Interaction Theory, developed in 1975 by Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese, is a communication theory from the post-positivist tradition. Exit — Communicators decide whether they will interact in the future or continue a relationship. For example, if they like the person or do not like the person. Axioms of Uncertainty Reduction Theory . Information gained can then be used to predict the others' behavior. Your email address will not be published. As verbal output, nonverbal warmth, self-disclosure, similarity, and shared communication networks increase, uncertainty decreases—and vice versa. Uncertainty reduction theory (URT) seeks to explain how people think and behave during the initial stages of relationship development. Understanding Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Available under Creative Commons-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Gudykunst extends Berger’s work into intercultural contexts. Verbal Output — High levels of verbal output correlate positively with a greater reduction in uncertainty, higher levels of communication intimacy, similarity between individuals and liking. People use these techniques both in real-life as the theory states but also online. Other assumptions related to this theory are: 1. Charles Berger founded this theory of Uncertainty Reduction, and defines it as, “When people meet, their primary concern is to reduce uncertainty about each other and their relationship. Information seeking and reciprocity are positively correlated with uncertainty. When people meet, their primary concern is to reduce uncertainty about each other and their relationship. 2 anxiety during initial interactions because they are unable to predict or control how the relationship will progress. How Technology is Affecting Our Social Skills. The startled individuals stare at each other awkwardly for a few seconds. B. Communication is less constrained by social norms. Social Media Communication: Uncertainty Reduction Theory & Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. During the uncertainty reduction processes, the information seeker creates mental models that help him/her to make sense of other people and their intentions, emotions, and 15 January, 2016 - 09:14 . Finally, the two begin to chat casually. Self-Disclosure — Individuals willingly divulge information about themselves to reduce uncertainty in the other person, thus encouraging them to communicate openly. While there are a great many aspects and permutations of this theory, I believe that it can be effectively boiled down to the words of the text in saying “…when strangers meet, their primary concern is one of uncertainty reduction or increasing … Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese (1975) observed that when we interact with strangers, we experience uncertainty because we don’t really know what to expect. However, only in certain circumstances do individuals feel the need to reduce uncertainty. 5. Some scholars say that uncertainty reduction is not always the factor motivating communication; some people interact out of a genuine desire to connect positively with others. How is this concept or theory demonstrated in cultures different from the dominant North This presentation examines the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC) and Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT). Such issues are taken up at considerable length in Chapter 30, which treats William Gudykunst’s anxiety/uncertainty reduction theory. People feel uncertain in initial interpersonal communication. Each one is thinking the same thing: “Does my new working partner have any strange quirks? According to URT, uncertainty reduction is the gathering of information that allows the information seeker to predict someone’s attitudes and behavior. The uncertainty reduction theory predicts behavior in interpersonal communication which makes it an objective theory. TMSC states stress is conditional to the person in their environment. Berger and Calabrese claim that as the … Uncertainty reduction theory is one of the major theories used to explain interpersonal communication between people of the same culture. 3. A particular value of this study lies in exploring the impact of the platform assurance mechanism of social media-based crowdsourcing innovations on innovator's behaviour, which may further improve seeker's behaviour, based on uncertainty reduction theory. Uncertainty can make people avoid a situation or behavior (aversive state) and cause cognitive stress. Influencer Growth Analysis: My Journey, Then to Now, Good intentions, poor execution: Meme campaign analysis, Oh Barb, She Do Be Crazy Tho… #TheBachelor. Our group believes these two theories are applicable to situations that people often face on social media platforms. The parasocial interaction relationship development process was explored by applying principles of uncertainty reduction theory. Others note that Berger and Calabrese’s studies included only one U.S. demographic: middle-class white people. The process of information seeking goes through predictable developme… The model proffered in this paper extends the theory to account for uncertainty reduction during intercultural encounters. Will we get along? Previous research suggests that as uncertainty decreases the threshold of information increases. A discussion of findings in comparing social networking and uncertainty reduction follows the results. Nevertheless, we will discuss a variety of factors that mediate how we actually manage uncertainty, including factors that lead us to sometimes prefer uncertainty to certainty. Uncertainty reduction theory (URT) was originally created to explain the communication process that occurs when two strangers interact. Communication generally follows social rules and norms. Summary: The Uncertainty Reduction Theory asserts that people have a need to reduce uncertainty about others by gaining information about them. 2. Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) (Berger & Calabrese, 1975): A heuristic theory which states that individuals feel the need to reduce uncertainty in initial relationship interactions that occur face-to-face in order to feel comfortable about developing the relationships This need to reduce uncertainty is influenced by three factors and seven variables: Factors: 1. * 8 Axioms * Origin URT was created and developed by C.R. When people meet for the first time, the plan is to reduce the uncertainty that is placed in the interaction between them. Strangers want to reduce uncertainty/increase predictability in initial in… Professors Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese invented the theory in 1975 after noting that initial interactions between individuals followed predictable patterns of information-gathering. reduce uncertainty discussed in the chapter, drawing on their own experiencesor examples from literature and film. A variety of stages such as exit, entry and personal are steps frequently used to reduce or stop uncertainty between two or more parties (Nellie et al. According to URT, people are especially motivated to reduce uncertainty in interactions under the condition of future interaction. Still others have pointed out that the scope of the theory’s assumptions may be too large and, therefore, easily disproved–which ultimately weakens the theory. Bloggers and Reviews – Can They Be Trusted? 2. 3. In the context of uncertainty reduction theory, change is viewed as unlikable hence people on social media engage in conversations in order to lessen uncertainty. People ar… 7. URT states people use information-seeking strategies to reduce uncertainty when building relationships. Deviance — People want to reduce their uncertainty about odd, eccentric individuals who behave contrary to one’s expectations or social norms. From the perspective of Social Penetration Theory, is this statement correct? 2. For example, your friend, Sam, invites you to join her and her co-workers for dinner. I am not a communication student, but the article has switched on some insights within. Finally, Berger and Calabrese described three stages of communication through which uncertainty reduction advances: 1. Why is “The Hand Sanitizer Watch” Trending? Uncertainty Reduction Theory Uncertainty Reduction Theory states that when strangers meet, their primary goal is to reduce levels of uncertainty. 3. Results suggested that parasocial relationship development follows a path from (a) social and task attraction to (b) parasocial interaction to (c) a sense of relationship importance. The first employee, Sarah, finds out her new co-worker, Rob, is from the corporate office in New York and has a big incentive to make sure their project succeeds. Although Uncertainty Reduction Theory has greatly influenced communication studies, it’s not without its critics. Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Nonverbal Warmth — Refers to positive signs in a person’s gestures and body language that indicate a willingness to communicate or form a relationship. This information can then be used to predict people’s behavior, or the outcome of starting a relationship with them. 6. Reciprocity — Individuals interested in reducing uncertainty or starting a relationship will reciprocate uncertainty-reducing behavior, such as asking questions. Information can be obtained passively through observation or interactively through conversation. The uncertainty reduction theory, one of the most influential theories in the communications field, begins with the assumption that in the initial interactions between strangers, people are driven to reduce the uncertainty about each other. Personal — Communicators begin to share more personal data, including attitudes, beliefs and values. Uncertainty reduction theory is based on the central assumption that the primary concern of strangers upon initial interaction is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability. 3. It reduces the uncertainty that surrounds a first time interaction and establishes a base for any future A. An employer tells two unacquainted employees that they will be working together on a big project for the next six months. It is one of the only communication theories that specifically looks into the initial interaction between people prior to the actual communication process. Voice Verification Systems Prone To Theft? The main assumption is that uncertainty creates cognitive discomfort, which people will try to reduce. Uncertainty Reduction Theory rests on several basic assumptions. Within the initial entry stage of interpersonal interaction, an exchange of information regarding a person’s “sex, age, economic or social status, and other de… Uncertainty reduction occurs primarily by questioning new acquaintances in an attempt to gather information about them. The uncertainty reduction theory, manufactured by Charles Bergerot, states just how communication can be used to gain knowledge, create understanding, and reduce uncertainness (Griffin, 1991, p. 136). Understanding Uncertainty Reduction Theory. 3. With the passive strategy, the individual of interest is observed in various situations, including those in which the person may be presenting himself to others in a strategic way (i.e., self-monitoring), such as in a classroom or at a party. This information can then be used to predict people’s behavior, or the outcome of starting a relationship with them. Feelings of dislike discourage relationship formation. Results suggest that (popular media personnel are a large rold in women’s media usage, social comparison tendencies, and body image). With the interactive strategy, people simply communicate with the person they wish to reduce uncertainty about. Berger and Calabrese in 1975. Are Political Campaigns on Facebook Effective? TMSC states stress is conditional to the person in their environment. The uncertainty reduction theory was developed by Charles 'Chuck' Berger. Rob discovers that Sarah is obsessed with keeping everything in her office in its place, but the aggravation pays off in always knowing where the project files are. When I think about this theory I picture the first time that I got asked out by my current boyfriend. How would this claim be developed or changed? Abstract. It states that people need to reduce uncertainty about other individuals by gaining information about them. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It is one of the only communication theories that specifically looks into the initial interaction between people prior to the actual communication process.The theory asserts the … Uncertainty reduction occurs primarily by questioning new acquaintances in an attempt to gather information about them. Copyright © 2021 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes, Critical/Cultural Studies of Communication/Media, Intercultural/International Communication, Shocking Truth About Video Games And Real World Skills, The Pushback – Stop Living Through A Screen, Computer Program Learning Classes Falling Behind The Times. Anticipation of Future Interaction — People will seek information about others they expect to see again, such as co-workers and neighbors. ELEMENTS OF UNCERTAINTY REDUCTION THEORY “The uncertainty reduction theory states that people often feel uncertainty about others they don’t know and are motivated to communicate in order to reduce that uncertainty,” (communicationstudies.cim). Uncertainty Reduction Theory claims that the quantity and nature of information that people share change with time (The quantity and nature of information that people share change with time). Download. People use three basic strategies to obtain information about others: passive, active and interactive. This example illustrates the concepts of Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Yusuf Yuksel. Will my partner take the project seriously–or get us yelled at by the project committee?”. For example, if you know you will be working on a project for a long time with an individual, you might be more compelled to learn more about him or her. Uncertainty reduction theory is no longer reserved only for face-to-face one-on-one personal encounters, it can also be applied to online relationships and employee/employer relationships. Uncertainty Reduction Theory rests on several basic assumptions. Uncertainty reduction strategies (URS) are the means of eliminating any associated risk with other communication parties by different behavioral actions (Antheunis et al., 2010), stemmed from uncertainty reduction theory (URT) (Berger, 1979). This presentation examines the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC) and Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT). Similarity — Individuals who are alike or share interests will feel less uncertain about each other and achieve communication intimacy more quickly. uncertainty reduction reflect the essence of the theory. Based on the idea of: new relationships cause high levels of uncertainty people communicate to reduce discomfort uncertainty is uncomfortable * Conditions * Types Behavioral uncertainty What Uncertainty meaning, being unsure of how to behave (or how the other person will behave), and unsure of what to think of the other person. 67-77).
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